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The debate over the poverty of Christ and his apostles under Pope John XXII (1316-1334) is one of the most famous intellectual controversies of the Middle Ages. The story of the uncompromising pope on collision course with a united Franciscan Order has often been told, most memorably by Umberto Eco in The Name of the Rose. In this book, Patrick Nold sets out to investigate the Franciscan Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour, a man apparently torn between the pope who was his patron and the Order to which he had devoted his life. Until now Bertrand has been considered of little importance, owing to his neglect by the primary sources conventionally relied upon by hisorians. Dr Nold suggests that these sources are unreliable: they were written years after the fact by disaffected Franciscans such as William of Ockham. From unpublished manuscript sources, Nold reconstructs the beginnings of the controversy and reveals the crucial role played by the Franciscan Cardinal. His discovery of Bertrand's significance undermines the common scholarly understanding of this episode and of the character of John XXII himself. He provides a major reinterpretation of the apostolic poverty controversy and has far-reaching consequences for issues such as papal infallibility, natural rights theory, and Ockham's political writings.

Poverty --- Poverty, Vow of --- Pauvreté --- Pauvreté (Vertu) --- Religious aspects --- Catholic Church --- History of doctrines --- Aspect religieux --- Eglise catholique --- Histoire des doctrines --- Bertrando, --- John --- Franciscans --- History. --- 262.13 JOANNES XXII --- 271-3 --- 929 BERTRAND DE LA TOUR --- -Poverty, Vow of --- -Vow of poverty --- Vows --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--JOANNES XXII --- Religieuze geloften van armoede, kuisheid en gehoorzaamheid. Kern van het religieuze leven --- Biografie. Genealogie. Heraldiek--BERTRAND DE LA TOUR --- -Catholic Church --- -History of doctrines --- -Bertrando di La Tour --- John XXII, Pope --- Alcantarines --- Bernardyni --- Cordeliers --- Discalced Friars Minor --- Família Franciscana --- Frades Menores --- Frailes Menores --- Franciscains --- Franciscan Discalceati --- Franciscan Order --- Franciscan Reformati --- Franciszkanie --- Frant︠s︡iskanskiĭ orden --- Frant︠s︡iskant︠s︡y --- Frati minori --- Fratres minores --- Frères mineurs --- Friars, Gray --- Friars Minor --- Gråbrøderne --- Gray Friars --- Grey Friars --- Mala braća --- Minderbrüder --- Minoriten --- Minorites --- O.F.M. --- Observants --- OFM --- Ojcowie Franciszkanie --- Ordem dos Frades Menores --- Ordem dos Franciscanos --- Ordem Franciscana --- Orden de Frailes Menores --- Orden de los Frailes Menores --- Orden Franciscana --- Orden sv. Frant︠s︡iska --- Order of Friars Minor --- Ordine dei Frati Minori --- Ordine dei minori --- Ordo Fratrum Minorum --- Reformati --- Reformed Franciscans --- Seraphic Order --- Capuchins --- Conventuals --- Franciscan Recollects --- -Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--JOANNES XXII --- 929 BERTRAND DE LA TOUR Biografie. Genealogie. Heraldiek--BERTRAND DE LA TOUR --- 271-3 Religieuze geloften van armoede, kuisheid en gehoorzaamheid. Kern van het religieuze leven --- 262.13 JOANNES XXII Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--JOANNES XXII --- Franciscains mineurs --- Ordre des frères franciscains mineurs --- -271-3 Religieuze geloften van armoede, kuisheid en gehoorzaamheid. Kern van het religieuze leven --- Vow of poverty --- Pauvreté --- Pauvreté (Vertu) --- Bernardinus, --- Bertrand, --- Bertrandus, --- De Turre, Bertrando, --- Di La Tour, Bertrando, --- La Tour, Bertrand de, --- La Tour, Bertrando di, --- Tour, Bertrando di La, --- Turre, Bertrando de, --- Turre, Bertrandus de, --- D'Euse, Jacques, --- Duèze, Jacques, --- Euse, Jacques d', --- Joannes --- Johannes --- Jean --- Duèze, Jacques --- Poverty - Religious aspects - Catholic Church - History of doctrines - Middle Ages, 600-1500. --- Poverty, Vow of - History of doctrines - Middle Ages, 600-1500. --- Bertrando, - di La Tour, - d. 1332? --- John - XXII, - Pope, - -1334.